Solar cells are devices that convert sunlight into electricity. They use photovoltaic (PV) technology to capture energy from the sun and turn it into a usable form for homes, businesses or other applications. Solar cells can be made of silicon-based materials such as crystalline silicon, which is the most common type used in solar panels, or thin film materials like cadmium telluride or copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). These cells generate direct current (DC) electricity and require an inverter to convert it into alternating current (AC), which can be used by homes and businesses. Solar cells are a key component of solar power systems, providing clean, renewable energy that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions.